Technical guides
What the standards actually require, explained by the people who apply them on site.
These pages do not replace the standards. They explain how those standards reason, when they apply, and what that means for you in practice. We write them because the question reaches us every week, often from someone whose client or notified body has just asked for a document without saying which one.
They are kept current: every normative reference is re-checked with the issuing body before publication, and the date of that check is recorded in our files. A standard cited in a superseded edition is worse than a standard not cited at all.
This article is an explanation, not a specification. It does not replace the standard in any way, and it deliberately contains no limit values and no numerical acceptance criteria. Where they differ, the applicable edition of the standard and your project specification prevail. For a specific case, call us.